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A chimenea (UK English) [1] or chiminea (US English) [2] (/ ˌ tʃ ɪ m ɪ ˈ n eɪ. ə / CHIM-in-AY-ə; from Spanish chimenea [tʃimeˈnea], in turn derived from French cheminée, "chimney") is a freestanding front-loading fireplace or oven with a bulbous body and usually a vertical smoke vent or chimney.
Ovens historically have been made by either digging the heating chamber into the earth, or by building them from various materials: Earth ovens, dug into the earth and covered with non-permanent means, like leaves and soil; Masonry ovens, a term historically used for "built-up ovens", usually made of clay, adobe and cob, stone, and brick.
The primitive clay oven, or earthen oven / cob oven, has been used since ancient times by diverse cultures and societies, primarily for, but not exclusive to, baking before the invention of cast-iron stoves, and gas and electric ovens. The general build and shape of clay ovens were, mostly, common to all peoples, with only slight variations in ...
Masonry ovens are used by Arabs in Arab States of the Persian Gulf for the preparation of the traditional khubz bread. [4] In India and Pakistan, tandoors are traditional clay ovens, although these days modern electrically fired tandoors are available. The open-topped tandoor is a transitional design between the earth oven and the Roman-plan ...
María and Julián Martinez pit firing blackware pottery at San Ildefonso Pueblo in New Mexico (c.1920). Pit-firing continued in some parts of Africa until modern times. In Mali, a firing mound, a large version of the pit, is still used at Kalabougou to make pottery that is commercial, mainly made by the women of the village to be sold in the towns.
Clay roasting pots called Römertopf ('Roman pot') are a recreation of the wet-clay cooking vessels used by the Etruscans, and appropriated by the Romans, by at least the first century BC. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] They are used for a variety of dishes in the oven and are always immersed in water and soaked for at least fifteen minutes before being placed in ...
In the making of firebrick, fire clay is fired in the kiln until it is partly vitrified. For special purposes, the brick may also be glazed. There are two standard sizes of fire brick: 9 in × 4 + 1 ⁄ 2 in × 3 in (229 mm × 114 mm × 76 mm) and 9 in × 4 + 1 ⁄ 2 in × 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 in (229 mm × 114 mm × 64 mm). [2]
Clay consists of fine-grained particles that are relatively weak and porous. Clay is combined with other minerals to create a workable clay body. The firing process includes sintering. This heats the clay until the particles partially melt and flow together, creating a strong, single mass, composed of a glassy phase interspersed with pores and ...