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The most important distinction between the initial data analysis phase and the main analysis phase, is that during initial data analysis one refrains from any analysis that is aimed at answering the original research question. [109] The initial data analysis phase is guided by the following four questions: [110]
A particularly important area of system interoperability is CRIS/IR interoperability, [7] i.e. the information exchange workflows between Current Research Information Systems and Institutional Repositories. While these two kinds of systems were once seen as competing with each other, nowadays they tend to work together via efficient mechanisms ...
Data collection or data gathering is the process of gathering and measuring information on targeted variables in an established system, which then enables one to answer relevant questions and evaluate outcomes. Data collection is a research component in all study fields, including physical and social sciences, humanities, [2] and business ...
In statistics, econometrics and related fields, multidimensional analysis (MDA) is a data analysis process that groups data into two categories: data dimensions and measurements. For example, a data set consisting of the number of wins for a single football team at each of several years is a single-dimensional (in this case, longitudinal) data set.
Coding reliability [4] [2] approaches have the longest history and are often little different from qualitative content analysis. As the name suggests they prioritise the measurement of coding reliability through the use of structured and fixed code books, the use of multiple coders who work independently to apply the code book to the data, the measurement of inter-rater reliability or inter ...
Panel (data) analysis is a statistical method, widely used in social science, epidemiology, and econometrics to analyze two-dimensional (typically cross sectional and longitudinal) panel data. [1] The data are usually collected over time and over the same individuals and then a regression is run over these two dimensions.
Empirical studies of data practices in research have "highlighted the need for organizations to offer more formal training and assistance in data management to scientists" [132] In a 2017-2018 international survey of 1372 scientist, most requests for help and formalization were associated with data management plan: "creating data management ...
Citation analysis is the examination of the frequency, patterns, and graphs of citations in documents. It uses the directed graph of citations — links from one document to another document — to reveal properties of the documents. A typical aim would be to identify the most important documents in a collection.