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German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss said, "Mathematics is the queen of the sciences—and number theory is the queen of mathematics." Number theory also studies the natural, or whole, numbers. One of the central concepts in number theory is that of the prime number , and there are many questions about primes that appear simple but whose ...
Each entry below is an outline, an introduction to a subject structured as a hierarchical list of the essential points. Each of these outlines focuses on a mathematics or logic. Along with Wikipedia:Contents/Outlines, the outlines on Wikipedia form an all
Examples include: India, Japan, Indonesia, Namibia, Botswana, Taiwan, and South Korea. Research finds that "Western-educated leaders significantly and substantively improve a country's democratization prospects".
The decision-makers are chosen as a random sample from a larger pool of candidates. Also known as allotment or the drawing of lots. Types of elections Primary election – General election – Runoff election – By-election – election held to fill a political office that has become vacant between regularly scheduled elections. Occasionally ...
Mathematics for social justice is a pedagogical approach to mathematics education that seeks to incorporate lessons from critical mathematics pedagogy and similar educational philosophies into the teaching of mathematics at schools and colleges. The approach tries to empower students on their way to developing a positive mathematics identity ...
Also called infinitesimal calculus A foundation of calculus, first developed in the 17th century, that makes use of infinitesimal numbers. Calculus of moving surfaces an extension of the theory of tensor calculus to include deforming manifolds. Calculus of variations the field dedicated to maximizing or minimizing functionals. It used to be called functional calculus. Catastrophe theory a ...
Rigor is a cornerstone quality of mathematics, and can play an important role in preventing mathematics from degenerating into fallacies. well-behaved An object is well-behaved (in contrast with being Pathological ) if it satisfies certain prevailing regularity properties, or if it conforms to mathematical intuition (even though intuition can ...
[2] [3] [4] Under a minimalist definition of democracy, rulers are elected through competitive elections while more expansive definitions link democracy to guarantees of civil liberties and human rights in addition to competitive elections. [5] [6] [4] In a direct democracy, the people have the direct authority to deliberate and decide legislation.