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In computer security, a threat is a potential negative action or event enabled by a vulnerability that results in an unwanted impact to a computer system or application.. A threat can be either a negative "intentional" event (i.e. hacking: an individual cracker or a criminal organization) or an "accidental" negative event (e.g. the possibility of a computer malfunctioning, or the possibility ...
To obtain information about potential threats, security professionals will network with each other and share information with other organizations facing similar threats. [41] Defense measures can include an updated incident response strategy, contracts with digital forensics firms that could investigate a breach, [ 42 ] cyber insurance , [ 43 ...
The Climatic Research Unit email controversy (also known as "Climategate") [2] [3] began in November 2009 with the hacking of a server at the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) at the University of East Anglia (UEA) by an external attacker, [4] [5] copying thousands of emails and computer files (the Climatic Research Unit documents) to various internet locations several weeks before the Copenhagen ...
Insider threat is an active area of research in academia and government. The CERT Coordination Center at Carnegie-Mellon University maintains the CERT Insider Threat Center, which includes a database of more than 850 cases of insider threats, including instances of fraud, theft and sabotage; the database is used for research and analysis. [2]
Depending whether the expected threat is passive espionage, data manipulation, or active hijacking, different mitigation methods may be needed. [ 41 ] Software vendors and governments are mainly interested in undisclosed vulnerabilities ( zero-days ), [ 49 ] while organized crime groups are more interested in ready-to-use exploit kits based on ...
In scientific inquiry and academic research, data fabrication is the intentional misrepresentation of research results. As with other forms of scientific misconduct, it is the intent to deceive that marks fabrication as unethical, and thus different from scientists deceiving themselves. There are many ways data can be fabricated.
An example of a physical security measure: a metal lock on the back of a personal computer to prevent hardware tampering. Computer security (also cybersecurity, digital security, or information technology (IT) security) is the protection of computer software, systems and networks from threats that can lead to unauthorized information disclosure, theft or damage to hardware, software, or data ...
An example of this is a portable execution infection, a technique, usually used to spread malware, that inserts extra data or executable code into PE files. [34] A computer virus is software that embeds itself in some other executable software (including the operating system itself) on the target system without the user's knowledge and consent ...