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The 1989 elections were held after the Lok Sabha elected in 1984 completed its five-year term. Although Rajiv Gandhi had won the 1984 elections by an unprecedented landslide (mainly due to an overwhelming outpour of popular grief for to his mother's assassination), by 1989 he was trying to fight off scandals that had marred his administration.
The 9th Lok Sabha (2 December 1989 – 13 March 1991) was elected during elections in 22–26 November 1989. The Lok Sabha (House of the People) is the lower house in the Parliament of India . Twelve sitting members from Rajya Sabha were elected to 9th Lok Sabha after the 1989 Indian general election .
The Model Code of Conduct is a set of guidelines issued by the Election Commission of India for the conduct of political parties and candidates during elections. [1] It is a set of norms which deal with matters including meetings, processions, election manifestos, polling and general conduct.
In 1950, the Election Commission of India was established as a single member body. As per The Election Commissioner Amendment Act, 1989, the commission was made a multi-member body headed by a chief election commissioner and two other election commissioners, who were appointed to the commission for the first time on 16 October 1989.
An electoral or voting system is a set of rules used to determine the results of an election. Electoral systems are used in politics to elect governments, while non-political elections may take place in business, non-profit organizations and informal organisations.
A free and fair election is defined as an election in which "coercion is comparatively uncommon". This definition was popularized by political scientist Robert Dahl.A free and fair election involves political freedoms and fair processes leading up to the vote, a fair count of eligible voters who cast a ballot, a lack of electoral fraud or voter suppression, and acceptance of election results ...
The Roemer model of political competition is a game between political parties in which each party announces a multidimensional policy vector.Since Nash equilibria do not normally exist when the policy space is multidimensional, John Roemer introduced the concept of party-unanimity Nash equilibrium (PUNE), which can be considered an application of the concept of Nash equilibrium to political ...
Suggests that state assistance be in kind only and be extended by (1) prescribed quantity of fuel to vehicles (2) supply of additional copies of electoral rolls (3) payment of hire charges for prescribed number of microphones (4) distribution of voters' identity slips should be undertaken exclusively by electoral machinery Chapter 7 (1.2, 1.5 ...