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The U.S. government defines démarche as "a request or intercession with a foreign official, e.g., a request for support of a policy, or a protest about the host government's policy or actions". [5] The US government issues démarches to foreign governments through "front-channel cable " instructions from the United States Department of State .
Economic diplomacy is a form of diplomacy that uses the full spectrum of economic tools of a state to achieve its national interests. [1] The scope of economic diplomacy can encompass all of the international economic activities of a state, including, but not limited to, policy decisions designed to influence exports, imports, investments, lending, aid, free trade agreements, among others.
Also called resource cost advantage. The ability of a party (whether an individual, firm, or country) to produce a greater quantity of a good, product, or service than competitors using the same amount of resources. absorption The total demand for all final marketed goods and services by all economic agents resident in an economy, regardless of the origin of the goods and services themselves ...
A diplomatic boycott is when diplomatic participation is withheld from an event such as the Olympics but athletic participation is not limited. [52] In 2021, a number of Western nations , led by the United States, Britain and Canada, protested the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics through a diplomatic boycott, citing China's policies concerning the ...
A chicken game is a situation where two states engage in brinkmanship even though the ideal solution is for one state to yield to the other. For example, the United States and the USSR risked global nuclear war to protect relatively minor strategic interests during the Cuban Missile Crisis.
International relations (IR, and also referred to as international studies, international politics, [2] or international affairs) [3] is an academic discipline. [4] In a broader sense, the study of IR, in addition to multilateral relations, concerns all activities among states—such as war, diplomacy, trade, and foreign policy—as well as relations with and among other international actors ...
Economic agreements, such as free trade agreements (FTAs) or foreign direct investment (FDI), signed by two states, are a common example of bilateralism. Since most economic agreements are signed according to the specific characteristics of the contracting countries to give preferential treatment to each other, not a generalized principle but a ...
[3] [2] Successful instances of coercive diplomacy in one case may have a deterrent effect on other states, [6] [7] [3] whereas a reputation for a lack of resolve may undermine general deterrence [8] and future compellence. [9] Successful coercive diplomacy entails clearly communicated threats, a cost-benefit calculus, credibility, and ...