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Wiesner's quantum money scheme was first published in 1983. [1] A formal proof of security, using techniques from semidefinite programming, was given in 2013. [2]In addition to a unique serial number on each bank note (these notes are actually more like cheques, since a verification step with the bank is required for each transaction), there is a series of isolated two-state quantum systems. [3]
Quantum finance is an interdisciplinary research field, applying theories and methods developed by quantum physicists and economists in order to solve problems in finance. It is a branch of econophysics. Quantum computing is now being used for a number of financial applications, including fraud detection, stock price prediction, portfolio ...
Quantum meruit is a Latin phrase meaning "what one has earned". In the context of contract law , it means something along the lines of "reasonable value of services". In the United States, the elements of quantum meruit are determined by state common law .
An action for money had and received to the plaintiff's use is the name for a common law claim derived from the form of action known as indebitatus assumpsit.The action enabled one person to recover money which has been received by another: for example, where a plaintiff paid money to the defendant while labouring under a mistake of fact or where there was a total failure of consideration.
Unlike payday loans or auto title loans, where borrowers pledge their vehicles as collateral, users of the apps don’t face balloon payments, black marks on their credit reports, or the ...
Quantum valebant is a Latin phrase meaning "as much as they were worth". It is sometimes used in its singular form, quantum valebat , meaning “as much as it was worth". It is a common count at law very similar to quantum meruit .
The grant pause is perhaps most similar to a federal government shutdown, when a congressional impasse on spending legislation delays federal payments for some state and local services. In most of those circumstances, a couple weeks delay "isn’t hugely disruptive,” Howard said. But some state officials are nonetheless anxious.
This is because the law of quasi-contract only generate personal money awards: either a liquidated debt (as in actions for money had and received or money paid) or a sum assessed by a civil jury or the court itself (as in quantum meruit or quantum valebat). Scholars seeking to expand the explanatory power of unjust enrichment have argued that ...