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A commonly used model that illustrates the relationship between biological, individual, community, and societal determinants is Whitehead and Dahlgren's model originally presented in 1991 and subsequently adapted by the CDC. [8]
Dame Margaret McRae Whitehead DBE (born 28 September 1948) holds the W.H. Duncan chair in Public Health at the University of Liverpool. [1] She heads the World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Policy Research on the Social Determinants of Health.
The World Health Organization defines the social determinants of health as "the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age" , [7] conditions that are determined by the distribution of money, power, and resources at global, national, and local levels. [7] There are two main determinants of health: structural and proximal ...
The commercial determinants of health are the private sector activities that influence individual and group differences in health status. [2] Commercial determinants of health can affect people's health positively (such as sport or medical industries) or negatively (such as arms and tobacco industries). [2] [3] They are part of the broader ...
Health inequities, on the other hand, are unfair, “avoidable inequalities” of populations within and between countries. [2] [3] The WHO's Committee on the Social Determinants of Health stated that the social gradient – systematic differences between populations – was unfair; “killing people on a grand scale”. [1]
Identifying the social and structural determinants of mental health, in addition to individual determinants, enables policy makers to promote mental health and reduce risk of illness by designing appropriate interventions and taking action beyond the health sector. [7]
John Vinton Dahlgren (April 22, 1868 – August 11, 1899) was an American lawyer, Commissioner of Charities for the State of New York and the first husband of Elizabeth Wharton Drexel. The medical library building at Georgetown University is named in his honor.
The Whitehall Studies investigated social determinants of health, specifically the cardiovascular disease prevalence and mortality rates among British civil servants.The initial prospective cohort study, the Whitehall I Study, [1] examined over 17,500 male civil servants between the ages of 20 and 64, and was conducted over a period of ten years, beginning in 1967.