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An oncovirus or oncogenic virus is a virus that can cause cancer. [4] This term originated from studies of acutely transforming retroviruses in the 1950–60s, [ 5 ] when the term oncornaviruses was used to denote their RNA virus origin. [ 6 ]
A major obstacle to the success of oncolytic viruses is the patient immune system which naturally attempts to deactivate any virus. This can be a particular problem for intravenous injection, where the virus must first survive interactions with the blood complement and neutralising antibodies. [42]
A number of viruses named oncoviruses cause cancer. These are mainly human papilloma virus causing cervical carcinoma, and Epstein-Barr virus causing B cell lymphomas and nasopharyngeal carcinomas. Kaposi sarcoma virus and Merkel cell polyoma virus cause skin cancers. Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) causes T cell leukemias.
Herpesviruses also cause cancer in animals, especially leukemias and lymphomas. [13] Human T cell lymphotropic virus was the first human retrovirus discovered by Robert Gallo and colleagues at NIH. [20] The virus causes Adult T-cell leukemia, a disease first described by Takatsuki and colleagues in Japan [21] and other neurological diseases ...
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (infection with) Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I; Human papillomavirus types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, and 59; Hepatitis B virus (chronic infection with) Hepatitis C virus (chronic infection with) Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus; Epstein–Barr virus
The herpesviruses, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and Epstein-Barr virus, are believed to cause cancer in humans, such as Kaposi's sarcoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Although genes have been identified in these viruses that cause transformation, the manner in which the virus transforms and replicates the host ...
New tests done by the Environmental Working Group have found 21 oat-based cereals and snack bars popular amongst children to have "troubling levels of glyphosate." The chemical, which is the ...
A carcinogen (/ k ɑːr ˈ s ɪ n ə dʒ ən /) is any agent that promotes the development of cancer. [1] Carcinogens can include synthetic chemicals, naturally occurring substances, physical agents such as ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, and biologic agents such as viruses and bacteria. [2]