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A Friedlander waveform is the simplest form of a blast wave. The simplest form of a blast wave has been described and termed the Friedlander waveform. [12] It occurs when a high explosive detonates in a free field: that is, with no surfaces nearby with which it can interact. Blast waves have properties predicted by the physics of waves.
This is caused by the nonlinear behavior of shock waves. When the blast wave from an air burst reaches the ground it is reflected. Below a certain reflection angle, the reflected wave and the direct wave merge and form a reinforced horizontal wave, known as the '"Mach stem" and is a form of constructive interference.
Non-nuclear electromagnetic pulse (NNEMP) is a weapon-generated electromagnetic pulse without use of nuclear technology. Devices that can achieve this objective include a large low-inductance capacitor bank discharged into a single-loop antenna, a microwave generator, and an explosively pumped flux compression generator.
However, this would be in extreme cases like being near the center of the blast and being exposed to a large amount of radiation and EMP waves. A study found that exposure to 200–400 pulses of EMP caused the leaking of vessels in the brain, [47] leakage that has been linked to small problems with thinking and memory recollection. These ...
In common with all neutron bombs that must presently derive a small percentage of trigger energy from fission, in any given yield, a 100% pure fusion bomb would likewise generate a smaller atmospheric blast wave than a pure-fission bomb. The latter fission device has a higher kinetic energy-ratio per unit of reaction energy released, which is ...
A hail cannon is a shock wave generator claimed to disrupt the formation of hailstones in the atmosphere. These devices frequently engender conflict between farmers and neighbors when used, [ 1 ] because they are loudly and repeatedly fired every 1 to 10 seconds while a storm is approaching and until it has passed through the area, yet there is ...
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Overpressure (or blast overpressure) is the pressure caused by a shock wave over and above normal atmospheric pressure. The shock wave may be caused by sonic boom or by explosion , and the resulting overpressure receives particular attention when measuring the effects of nuclear weapons or thermobaric bombs .