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Glyptodon (lit. ' grooved or carved tooth '; from Ancient Greek γλυπτός (gluptós) 'sculptured' and ὀδοντ-, ὀδούς (odont-, odoús) 'tooth') [1] is a genus of glyptodont, an extinct group of large, herbivorous armadillos, that lived from the Pliocene, around 3.2 million years ago, [2] to the early Holocene, around 11,000 years ago, in South America.
Glyptodonts first evolved during the Eocene in South America, which remained their center of species diversity.For example, an Early Miocene glyptodont with many primitive features (comparatively to other species), Parapropalaehoplophorus septentrionalis, was discovered at a now-elevated site in Chile and described in 2007. [5]
The armadillos are small mammals with a bony armored shell. Two of 21 extant species are present in Central America; the remainder are only found in South America, where they originated. Their much larger relatives, the pampatheres and glyptodonts, once lived in North and South America but became extinct following the appearance of humans.
Neosclerocalyptus was an extinct genus of glyptodont that lived during the Pliocene, Pleistocene, and Holocene of Southern South America, mostly Argentina. [1] It was small compared to many glyptodonts at only around 2 meters long and 360 kilograms. [2]
Glyptotherium (from Greek for 'grooved or carved beast') is a genus of glyptodont (an extinct group of large, herbivorous armadillos) in the family Chlamyphoridae (a family of South American armadillos) that lived from the Early Pliocene, about 3.6 million years ago, to the Late Pleistocene, around 15,000 years ago.
Doedicurus (Ancient Greek δοῖδυξ "pestle" and oυρά "tail") is an extinct genus of glyptodont from South America containing one species, D. clavicaudatus.Glyptodonts are a member of the family Chlamyphoridae, which also includes some modern armadillo species, and they are classified in the superorder Xenarthra alongside sloths and anteaters.
Hoplophorus is a member of the glyptodontinae subfamily, a group of extinct, heavily armored armadillos that existed in the Americas during the Cenozoic. Hoplophorus was one of the last glyptodonts to become extinct, with the youngest fossils dating to the early Holocene and few are older than the Pleistocene.
Neuryurus is an unusual genus within the glytodonts ; the peculiar morphology of its caudal tube distinguishes it from all other genera of glyptodonts, even if it is supposed to be related to the tribe Hoplophorini. It may have been similar to the genus Panochthus, but its closest relative seems to have been Urotherium.