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In coding theory and information theory, a binary erasure channel (BEC) is a communications channel model. A transmitter sends a bit (a zero or a one), and the receiver either receives the bit correctly, or with some probability P e {\displaystyle P_{e}} receives a message that the bit was not received ("erased") .
A binary erasure channel (BEC) with erasure probability p is a binary input, ternary output channel. The possible channel outputs are 0, 1, and a third symbol 'e' called an erasure. The erasure represents complete loss of information about an input bit. The capacity of the BEC is 1 − p bits per channel use.
The packet erasure channel is a communication channel model where sequential packets are either received or lost (at a known location). This channel model is closely related to the binary erasure channel .
Erasure coding was invented by Irving Reed and Gustave Solomon in 1960. [1]There are many different erasure coding schemes. The most popular erasure codes are Reed-Solomon coding, Low-density parity-check code (LDPC codes), and Turbo codes.
The resilience to severe channel conditions can be further enhanced if information about the channel is sent over a return-channel. Based on this feedback information, adaptive modulation , channel coding and power allocation may be applied across all subcarriers, or individually to each subcarrier.
These Hollywood stars have opened up about not fitting into a strictly "male" or "female" category. Demi Lovato, Sam Smith, Janelle Monáe, and Emma D'Arcy all identify as nonbinary.
If the channel characteristics cannot be determined, or are highly variable, an error-detection scheme may be combined with a system for retransmissions of erroneous data. This is known as automatic repeat request (ARQ), and is most notably used in the Internet.
A post shared on social media purports President Joe Biden has pardoned over 8,000 people during his four years in office to cover up the administration’s crimes. Verdict: Misleading Much of the ...