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[7] [8] [2] Price discrimination is distinguished from product differentiation by the difference in production cost for the differently priced products involved in the latter strategy. [2] Price discrimination essentially relies on the variation in customers' willingness to pay [8] [2] [4] and in the elasticity of their demand.
Other firms are unable to enter the market of the monopoly Single seller/ firm: The monopolist is the only seller in the market that produces all the outputs meeting all the demands of the market. Price discrimination: The firm in monopoly can change the price and quantity of the product as they please.
Price discrimination may improve consumer surplus. When a firm price discriminates, it will sell up to the point where marginal cost meets the demand curve. Some conditions are required for price discrimination to exist: Firms must face a downward-sloping demand curve, i.e. the demand for a product is inversely proportional to its price.
The purpose of price discrimination is to transfer consumer surplus to the producer. [46] Consumer surplus is the difference between the value of a good to a consumer and the price the consumer must pay in the market to purchase it. [47] Price discrimination is not limited to monopolies.
Generally, when a firm operating in an oligopolistic market adjusts prices, other firms in the industry will be directly impacted. The graph below depicts the kinked demand curve hypothesis which was proposed by Paul Sweezy who was an American economist. [29] It is important to note that this graph is a simplistic example of a kinked demand curve.
As a result of their significant market power, firms in oligopolistic markets can influence prices through manipulating the supply function. Firms in an oligopoly are mutually interdependent, as any action by one firm is expected to affect other firms in the market and evoke a reaction or consequential action. [3]
Firms have partial control over the price as they are not price takers (due to differentiated products) or Price Makers (as there are many buyers and sellers). [5] Oligopoly refers to a market structure where only a small number of firms operate together control the majority of the market share. Firms are neither price takers or makers.
A supply is a good or service that producers are willing to provide. The law of supply determines the quantity of supply at a given price. [5]The law of supply and demand states that, for a given product, if the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied, then the price increases, which decreases the demand (law of demand) and increases the supply (law of supply)—and vice versa—until ...