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Typhoid fever, also known simply as typhoid, is a disease caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi bacteria, also called Salmonella Typhi. [2] [3] Symptoms vary from mild to severe, and usually begin six to 30 days after exposure. [4] [5] Often there is a gradual onset of a high fever over several days. [4]
Mary Mallon (September 23, 1869 – November 11, 1938), commonly known as Typhoid Mary, was an Irish-born American cook who is believed to have infected between 51 and 122 people with typhoid fever. The infections caused three confirmed deaths, with unconfirmed estimates of as many as 50.
During the American Civil War, 81,360 Union soldiers died of typhoid or dysentery, far more than died of battle wounds. [25] In the late 19th century, the typhoid fever mortality rate in Chicago averaged 65 per 100,000 people a year. The worst year was 1891, when the typhoid death rate was 174 per 100,000 people. [26]
Enteric fever is a medical term encompassing two types of salmonellosis, which, specifically, are typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever. [1] Enteric fever is a potentially life-threatening acute febrile systemic infection and is diagnosed by isolating a pathogen on culture.
The medical officer stopped keeping a record of the deaths after early October 1897 so more people may have died. The epidemic was a ‘...turning point in public health...’; during the epidemic trials of water sterilisation using chlorination and the first immunisations with typhoid vaccine were carried out in Maidstone. [3]
One family hired a typhoid researcher by the name of George Soper who believed Mallon was the reason for the outbreaks. He was able to finally track her down and notified her that she may be ...
Typhoid fever is caused by the bacterium Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi. [ 37 ] In Canada alone, the typhus epidemic of 1847 killed more than 20,000 people from 1847 to 1848, mainly Irish immigrants in fever sheds and other forms of quarantine, who had contracted the disease aboard the crowded coffin ships in fleeing the Great Irish Famine .
He was described as 'Major, US Army', in the entry for 1907 in the New York City Department of Health and was identified by Centennial Newspaper for the discovery of the carrier, Typhoid Mary. [3] From 1923–to 1928 he was the managing director of the American Society for the Control of Cancer, which later changed its name to the American ...