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The first modern theory of software was proposed by Alan Turing in his 1935 essay Computable numbers with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem (decision problem). [ 4 ] This eventually led to the creation of the twin academic fields of computer science and software engineering , which both study software and its creation.
The integrated circuit is an essential invention to produce modern software systems. [2] The first use of the word software is credited to mathematician John Wilder Tukey in 1958. [3] The first programmable computers, which appeared at the end of the 1940s, [4] were programmed in machine language.
Technology is the application of conceptual knowledge to achieve practical goals, especially in a reproducible way. [1] The word technology can also mean the products resulting from such efforts, [2] [3] including both tangible tools such as utensils or machines, and intangible ones such as software.
The use of rapid-prototyping evolved to entire lightweight methodologies, such as Extreme Programming (XP), which attempted to simplify many areas of software engineering, including requirements gathering and reliability testing for the growing, vast number of small software systems. Very large software systems still used heavily documented ...
The term technology comes from the Greek word techne, meaning art and craft, and the word logos, meaning word and speech. It was first used to describe applied arts, but it is now used to describe advancements and changes that affect the environment around us. [1]
Timeline of computing presents events in the history of computing organized by year and grouped into six topic areas: predictions and concepts, first use and inventions, hardware systems and processors, operating systems, programming languages, and new application areas.
The first recorded idea of using digital electronics for computing was the 1931 paper "The Use of Thyratrons for High Speed Automatic Counting of Physical Phenomena" by C. E. Wynn-Williams. [29] From 1934 to 1936, NEC engineer Akira Nakashima , Claude Shannon , and Victor Shestakov published papers introducing switching circuit theory , using ...
Information systems (IS) is the study of complementary networks of hardware and software (see information technology) that people and organizations use to collect, filter, process, create, and distribute data. [48] [49] [50] The ACM's Computing Careers describes IS as: