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By definition it means, to recapitulate mammalian oogenesis and producing fertilizable oocytes in vitro.it is a complex process involving several different cell types, precise follicular cell-oocyte reciprocal interactions, a variety of nutrients and combinations of cytokines, and precise growth factors and hormones depending on the ...
Five hormones participate in an intricate process of positive and negative feedback to regulate folliculogenesis. They are: gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secreted by the hypothalamus; two gonadotropins: follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) luteinizing hormone (LH) estrogen; progesterone
Ovulation occurs about midway through the menstrual cycle, after the follicular phase, and is followed by the luteal phase.Note that ovulation is characterized by a sharp spike in levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), resulting from the peak of estrogen levels during the follicular phase.
The embryo upregulates hCG, drives growth of the cell, and upregulates P4 production driving development. hCG and P4 direct changes in the mother to enable successful pregnancy (see below) via upregulation of specific hormones that act to direct both endocrinological and biological changes within the mother for successful pregnancy.
An oocyte (/ ˈ oʊ ə s aɪ t /, oöcyte, or ovocyte is a female gametocyte or germ cell involved in reproduction. In other words, it is an immature ovum, or egg cell. An oocyte is produced in a female fetus in the ovary during female gametogenesis. The female germ cells produce a primordial germ cell (PGC), which then undergoes mitosis ...
The sex steroid production begins with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary, stimulating granulosa cells to convert androgens (coming from the thecal cells) to estradiol by aromatase during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. [1]
An ovarian follicle is a roughly spheroid cellular aggregation set found in the ovaries.It secretes hormones that influence stages of the menstrual cycle.At the time of puberty, women have approximately 200,000 to 300,000 follicles, [1] [2] each with the potential to release an egg cell (ovum) at ovulation for fertilization. [3]
During oogenesis, the oogonia become primary oocytes. Oocytes (immature ova) residing in the primordial follicle of the ovary are in a non-growing prophase arrested state, but have the capacity to undergo highly efficient homologous recombinational repair of DNA damages including double-strand breaks. [ 1 ]
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