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In mathematics, Knuth's up-arrow notation is a method of notation for very large integers, introduced by Donald Knuth in 1976. [ 1 ] In his 1947 paper, [ 2 ] R. L. Goodstein introduced the specific sequence of operations that are now called hyperoperations .
3. Often used for denoting other types of similarity, for example, matrix similarity or similarity of geometric shapes. 4. Standard notation for an equivalence relation. 5. In probability and statistics, may specify the probability distribution of a random variable.
Arrow notation may refer to: Conway chained arrow notation; Knuth's up-arrow notation; Arrow notation (Ramsey theory), or infinitary combinatorics;
Arrow notation defines the rule of a function inline, without requiring a name to be given to the function. It uses the ↦ arrow symbol, pronounced " maps to ". For example, x ↦ x + 1 {\displaystyle x\mapsto x+1} is the function which takes a real number as input and outputs that number plus 1.
In logic, a set of symbols is commonly used to express logical representation. The following table lists many common symbols, together with their name, how they should be read out loud, and the related field of mathematics.
Knuth's up-arrow notation (()) Allows for super-powers and super-exponential function by increasing the number of arrows; used in the article on large numbers. Text notation exp _ a ^ n(x) Based on standard notation; convenient for ASCII. J Notation x ^^: (n-1) x: Repeats the exponentiation.
An arrow is a graphical symbol, such as ← or →, or a pictogram, used to point or indicate direction. In its simplest form, an arrow is a triangle , chevron , or concave kite , usually affixed to a line segment or rectangle , [ 1 ] and in more complex forms a representation of an actual arrow (e.g. U+27B5).
In mathematics and physics, vector notation is a commonly used notation for representing vectors, [1] [2] which may be Euclidean vectors, or more generally, members of a vector space. For denoting a vector, the common typographic convention is lower case, upright boldface type, as in v .
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