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Moriori were forbidden to marry Moriori or Māori or to have children. This was different from the customary form of slavery practised on mainland New Zealand. [13] A total of 1,561 Moriori died between the invasion in 1835 and the release of Moriori from slavery in 1863, and in 1862 only 101 Moriori remained.
But by the start of the 20th century, the Māori population had begun to recover, and efforts have been made to increase their social, political, cultural and economic standing in wider New Zealand society. A protest movement gained support in the 1960s seeking redress for historical grievances. In the 2013 census, there were approximately ...
Moriori were forbidden to marry Moriori or the Taranaki Māori, or to have children with each other. This was different from the customary form of slavery practised on mainland New Zealand. [45] However, many Moriori women had children by their Māori masters. A small number of Moriori women eventually married either Māori or European men.
Unlike the kūmara with their associated ritual requirements, potatoes were tillable by slaves and women and this freed up men to go to war. [ 3 ] Belich saw this as a logistical revolution, with potatoes effectively fueling the long-range taua that made the musket wars different from any fighting that had come before.
Feminists by the 1880s were using the rhetoric of "white slavery" to reveal men's sexual and social oppression of women. By demanding that men take responsibility for the right of women to walk the streets in safety, New Zealand feminists deployed the rhetoric of white slavery to argue for women's sexual and social freedom. [ 108 ]
Toi moko, or mokomokai, are the preserved heads of Māori, the indigenous people of New Zealand, where the faces have been decorated by tā moko tattooing. They became valuable trade items during the Musket Wars of the early 19th century. Many toi moko were taken from their family and homeland as trophies.
Māori cultural history intertwines inextricably with the culture of Polynesia as a whole. The New Zealand archipelago forms the southwestern corner of the Polynesian Triangle, a major part of the Pacific Ocean with three island groups at its corners: the Hawaiian Islands, Rapa Nui (Easter Island), and New Zealand (Aotearoa in te reo Māori). [10]
The Māori language did not then have an indigenous writing system. Missionaries learned to speak Māori, introduced the Latin alphabet and, with Māori, developed the written form of the language between 1817 and 1830.