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Workplace harassment is belittling or threatening behavior directed at an individual worker or a group of workers. [ 1 ] Workplace harassment has gained interest among practitioners and researchers as it is becoming one of the most sensitive areas of effective workplace management.
Workplace aggression is a specific type of aggression which occurs in the workplace. [1] [2] Workplace aggression is any type of hostile behavior that occurs in the workplace. [3] [1] [4] It can range from verbal insults and threats to physical violence, and it can occur between coworkers, supervisors, and subordinates.
The workplace in general can be a stressful environment, so a negative way of coping with stress or an inability to do so can be particularly damning. Workplace bullies may have high social intelligence and low emotional intelligence (EI). [93] In this context, bullies tend to rank high on the social ladder and are adept at influencing others.
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration ("OSHA") a department of the United States Department of Labor defines workplace violence as "any act or threat of physical violence, harassment, intimidation, or other threatening disruptive behavior that occurs at the work site. It ranges from threats and verbal abuse to physical assaults and ...
Bullying in the workplace is in the majority of cases reported as having been perpetrated by someone in authority over the target. Bullies can also be peers, and occasionally can be subordinates. [126] The first known documented use of "workplace bullying" is in 1992 in a book by Andrea Adams called Bullying at Work: How to Confront and ...
Threatening behaviors may be conceptualized as a maladaptive outgrowth of normal competitive urge for interrelational dominance generally seen in animals. Alternatively, intimidation may result from the type of society in which individuals are socialized, as human beings are generally reluctant to engage in confrontation or threaten violence .
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Importantly, the hostile work environment is gender neutral, that is, men can sexually harass men or women and women can sexually harass men or women. Likewise, a hostile work environment can be considered the "adverse employment action" that is an element of a whistleblower claim or a reprisal (retaliation) claim under a civil rights statute ...