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  2. Lateral internal sphincterotomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_internal_sphincter...

    Lateral internal sphincterotomy is the preferred method of surgery for persons with chronic anal fissures, and is generally used when medical therapy has failed. [1] It is associated with a lower rate of side effects than older techniques such as posterior internal sphincterotomy and anoplasty, [3] and has also been shown to be superior to topical glyceryl trinitrate (GTN 0.2% ointment) in ...

  3. Anal fistula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anal_fistula

    General surgery. Anal fistula is a chronic abnormal communication between the anal canal and the perianal skin. [1] An anal fistula can be described as a narrow tunnel with its internal opening in the anal canal and its external opening in the skin near the anus. [2] Anal fistulae commonly occur in people with a history of anal abscesses.

  4. Anal fissure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anal_fissure

    Specialty. Gastroenterology. An anal fissure is a break or tear in the skin of the anal canal. Anal fissures may be noticed by bright red anal bleeding on toilet paper and undergarments, or sometimes in the toilet. If acute, they are painful after defecation, [ 1 ] but with chronic fissures, pain intensity often reduces and becomes cyclical.

  5. Fecal impaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fecal_impaction

    A fecal impaction or an impacted bowel is a solid, immobile bulk of feces that can develop in the rectum as a result of chronic constipation [ 1 ] (a related term is fecal loading which refers to a large volume of stool in the rectum of any consistency). [ 2 ] Fecal impaction is a common result of neurogenic bowel dysfunction and causes immense ...

  6. Ileo-anal pouch - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ileo-anal_pouch

    In medicine, the ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA), also known as restorative proctocolectomy (RPC), ileal-anal reservoir (IAR), an ileo-anal pouch, ileal-anal pullthrough, or sometimes referred to as a J-pouch, S-pouch, W-pouch, or a pelvic pouch, is an anastomosis of a reservoir pouch made from ileum (small intestine) to the anus, bypassing the former site of the colon in cases where the ...

  7. Rectovaginal fistula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectovaginal_fistula

    Rectovaginal fistulas are often the result of trauma during childbirth (in which case it is known as obstetric fistula), with increased risk associated with significant lacerations or interventions are used such as episiotomy or operative (forceps/vacuum extraction) deliveries [2] or in situations where there is inadequate health care, such as in some developing countries.

  8. Goodsall's rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodsall's_rule

    Goodsall's rule. Goodsall's rule relates the external opening (in the perianal skin) of an anal fistula to its internal opening (in the anal canal). It states that if the perianal skin opening is posterior to the transverse anal line, the fistulous tract will open into the anal canal in the midline posteriorly, sometimes taking a curvilinear ...

  9. Rectal pain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectal_pain

    Two more highly common causes of functional anorectal pain are levator ani syndrome (LAS) and proctalgia fugax.Both of these conditions are thought to be caused by muscle spasms of the either the levator ani muscle or the anal sphincter muscle respectively, and may overlap symptomatically with a third less-common condition called coccygodynia which is the result of previous trauma to the ...

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