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Cellular respiration. Typical eukaryotic cell. Cellular respiration is the process by which biological fuels are oxidized in the presence of an inorganic electron acceptor, such as oxygen, to drive the bulk production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which contains energy. Cellular respiration may be described as a set of metabolic reactions ...
A mitochondrion (pl. mitochondria) is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi. Mitochondria have a double membrane structure and use aerobic respiration to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is used throughout the cell as a source of chemical energy. [2]
A muscle cell, also known as a myocyte, is a mature contractile cell in the muscle of an animal. [ 1 ] In humans and other vertebrates there are three types: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac (cardiomyocytes). [ 2 ] A skeletal muscle cell is long and threadlike with many nuclei and is called a muscle fiber. [ 3 ]
The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life. Every cell consists of cytoplasm enclosed within a membrane; many cells contain organelles, each with a specific function. The term comes from the Latin word cellula meaning 'small room'. Most cells are only visible under a microscope.
The origin of the eukaryotic cell, or eukaryogenesis, is a milestone in the evolution of life, since eukaryotes include all complex cells and almost all multicellular organisms. The last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA) is the hypothetical origin of all living eukaryotes, [70] and was most likely a biological population, not a single ...
Symbiogenesis (endosymbiotic theory, or serial endosymbiotic theory[ 2 ]) is the leading evolutionary theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic organisms. [ 3 ] The theory holds that mitochondria, plastids such as chloroplasts, and possibly other organelles of eukaryotic cells are descended from formerly free-living prokaryotes ...
Mitochondrial biogenesis is the process by which cells increase mitochondrial numbers. [ 1 ][ 2 ] It was first described by John Holloszy in the 1960s, when it was discovered that physical endurance training induced higher mitochondrial content levels, leading to greater glucose uptake by muscles. [ 3 ]
Dark small circles in the network are mitochondria. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a part of a transportation system of the eukaryotic cell, and has many other important functions such as protein folding. It is a type of organelle made up of two subunits – rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER).