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The most famous purple dye in the ancient world was Tyrian purple, made from a type of sea snail called the murex, found around the Mediterranean. (See history section above). [47] In western Polynesia, residents of the islands made a purple dye similar to Tyrian purple from the sea urchin.
In the 18th century, purple was a color worn by royalty, aristocrats and other wealthy people. Good-quality purple fabric was too expensive for ordinary people. The first cobalt violet, the intensely red-violet cobalt arsenate, was highly toxic. Although it persisted in some paint lines into the 20th century, it was displaced by less toxic ...
The color royal purple is a tone of purple that is bluer than the ancient Tyrian purple. The first recorded use of royal purple as a color name in English was in 1661. [11] In 1990, royal purple was formulated as one of the Crayola crayon colors.
The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic occurring in Europe from 1346 to 1353. It was one of the most fatal pandemics in human history; as many as 50 million people [2] perished, perhaps 50% of Europe's 14th century population. [3]
Sir William Henry Perkin FRS (12 March 1838 – 14 July 1907) [1] was a British chemist and entrepreneur best known for his serendipitous discovery of the first commercial synthetic organic dye, mauveine, made from aniline.
A 2009 study in Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses based on data from fourteen European countries estimated a total of 2.64 million excess deaths in Europe attributable to the Spanish flu during the major 1918–1919 phase of the pandemic, in line with the three prior studies from 1991, 2002, and 2006 that calculated a European death toll ...
The Black Death ravaged much of the Islamic world. [55] Plague was present in at least one location in the Islamic world virtually every year between 1500 and 1850. [56] Plague repeatedly struck the cities of North Africa. Algiers lost 30,000–50,000 to it in 1620–1621, and again in 1654–1657, 1665, 1691, and 1740–1742. [57]
This list of wars by death toll includes all deaths that are either directly or indirectly caused by war.These numbers include the deaths of military personnel which are the direct results of a battle or other military wartime actions, as well as wartime/war-related deaths of civilians which are often results of war-induced epidemics, famines, genocide, etc. Due to incomplete records, the ...