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At the age of 54, Mikhail Gorbachev was elected to the general secretariat by Politburo on 11 March 1985. [29] In May 1985, Gorbachev publicly admitted the slowing down of the economic development and inadequate living standards, being the first Soviet leader to do so while also beginning a series of fundamental reforms.
The Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union was created as part of Mikhail Gorbachev's reform agenda, and was enabled by Gorbachev's first constitutional change. On 1 July 1988, the fourth and last day of the 19th Party Conference , Gorbachev won the backing of the delegates for his last minute proposal to create a new supreme ...
The CEC and the Congress of Soviets was replaced by the Presidium and the Supreme Soviet respectively by several amendments to the 1936 Constitution in 1938. [ 6 ] Under the 1977 Constitution, the Supreme Soviet was the highest organ of state power and the sole organ in the country to hold legislative authority. [ 6 ]
In 1978, he returned to Moscow to become a Secretary of the party's Central Committee; he joined the governing Politburo as a non-voting candidate member in 1979 and a voting member in 1980. While Gorbachev wanted to preserve the Soviet Union and Marxist-Leninist ideals, he recognised
Gorbachev's father had joined the Red Army and fought on the frontlines; he was wrongly declared dead during the conflict and fought in the Battle of Kursk before returning to his family, injured. [20] After Germany was defeated, Gorbachev's parents had their second son, Aleksandr, in 1947; he and Mikhail would be their only children. [11]
Under Gorbachev's leadership, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) in 1989 introduced limited competitive elections to a new central legislature, the Congress of People's Deputies [9] (although the ban on other political parties was not lifted until 1990). [10]
In an attempt to gain more power, on 12 June 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR adopted a declaration of sovereignty. On 12 July 1990, Yeltsin resigned from the CPSU in a dramatic speech before party members at the 28th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, some of whom responded by shouting "Shame!" [98]
The Congress of People's Deputies consisted of 2,250 deputies, who would elect a 542-member Supreme Soviet from among its members to serve as the "working" parliament. [1] The 2,250 members of the CPD consisted of 1,500 directly elected from single-member constituencies by the two-round system and 750 seats reserved for public bodies. [1]