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  2. Physical object - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_object

    A bubble of exhaled gas in water. In natural language and physical science, a physical object or material object (or simply an object or body) is a contiguous collection of matter, within a defined boundary (or surface), that exists in space and time.

  3. Physical system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_system

    The collection differs from a set: all the objects must coexist and have some physical relationship. [2] In other words, it is a portion of the physical universe chosen for analysis. Everything outside the system is known as the environment, which is ignored except for its effects on the system. The split between system and environment is the ...

  4. Archaeology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeology

    Lidar: Lidar (light detection and ranging) uses a laser (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation) to transmit a light pulse and a receiver with sensitive detectors to measure the backscattered or reflected light. Distance to the object is determined by recording the time between the transmitted and backscattered pulses and using ...

  5. Conservation and restoration of herbaria - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_and...

    A herbarium is a collection of preserved plant specimens and associated data used for scientific study. [2] Originally, the word "herbarium" referred to books about medicinal plants. In 1700, French botanist Joseph Pitton de Tournefort used the word to describe a collection of dried plants and Carl Linnaeus continued to use this term in his ...

  6. Artifact (archaeology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)

    An artifact [a] or artefact (British English) is a general term for an item made or given shape by humans, such as a tool or a work of art, especially an object of archaeological interest. [1] In archaeology , the word has become a term of particular nuance; it is defined as an object recovered by archaeological endeavor, including cultural ...

  7. Glossary of geography terms (A–M) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_geography_terms...

    A word identifying a person or a group of people in relation to a particular place, usually derived from the name of the place (which may be any kind of place, formal or informal, of any size or scale, from a town or city to a region, province, country, or continent) and used to describe all residents or natives of that place, regardless of any ...

  8. Cabinet of curiosities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_curiosities

    The earliest pictorial record of a natural history cabinet is the engraving in Ferrante Imperato's Dell'Historia Naturale (Naples 1599) (illustration).It serves to authenticate its author's credibility as a source of natural history information, by showing his open bookcases (at the right), in which many volumes are stored lying down and stacked, in the medieval fashion, or with their spines ...

  9. Scientific collection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_collection

    A scientific collection is a collection of items that are preserved, catalogued, and managed for the purpose of scientific study. [ 1 ] Scientific collections dealing specifically with organisms plants , fungi , animals , insects and their remains, may also be called natural history collections or biological collections . [ 2 ]