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The complete data for Tyrosine. General information. Chemical formula: C 9 H 11 N O 3 ...
In addition to the common amino acid L-tyrosine, which is the para isomer (para-tyr, p-tyr or 4-hydroxyphenylalanine), there are two additional regioisomers, namely meta-tyrosine (also known as 3-hydroxyphenylalanine, L-m-tyrosine, and m-tyr) and ortho-tyrosine (o-tyr or 2-hydroxyphenylalanine), that occur in nature.
In plants, the shikimate pathway first leads to the formation of chorismate, which is the precursor of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan. These aromatic amino acids are the precursors of many secondary metabolites , all essential to a plant's biological functions, such as the hormones salicylate and auxin .
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Tyrosine—tRNA ligase (EC 6.1.1.1), also known as tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase is an enzyme that is encoded by the gene YARS. Tyrosine—tRNA ligase catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + L-tyrosine + tRNA(Tyr) ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } AMP + diphosphate + L-tyrosyl-tRNA(Tyr)
Tyrosine phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate (PO 4 3−) group to the amino acid tyrosine on a protein. It is one of the main types of protein phosphorylation. This transfer is made possible through enzymes called tyrosine kinases. Tyrosine phosphorylation is a key step in signal transduction and the regulation of enzymatic activity.
SH2 domains contain about 100 amino acid residues and exhibit a central antiparallel β-sheet centered between two α-helices. [6] Binding to phosphotyrosine-containing peptides involves a strictly-conserved Arg residue that pairs with the negatively-charged phosphate on the phosphotyrosine, [7] and a surrounding pocket that recognizes flanking sequences on the target peptide.
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