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  2. Vietnamese phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_phonology

    Some people pronounce d as [j], and gi as [z] in situations where the distinction is necessary, most people pronounce both as [j]. Historically, /v/ is pronounced [j] in common speech, merging with d and gi. However, it is becoming distinct and pronounced as [v], especially in careful speech or when reading a text.

  3. Vietnamese alphabet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_alphabet

    Vietnamese uses 22 letters of the ISO basic Latin alphabet.The 4 remaining letters aren't considered part of the Vietnamese alphabet although they are used to write loanwords, languages of other ethnic groups in the country based on Vietnamese phonetics to differentiate the meanings or even Vietnamese dialects, for example: dz or z for southerner pronunciation of v in standard Vietnamese.

  4. Chữ Nôm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chữ_Nôm

    Chữ Nôm (𡨸喃, IPA: [t͡ɕɨ˦ˀ˥ nom˧˧]) [5] is a logographic writing system formerly used to write the Vietnamese language.It uses Chinese characters to represent Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary and some native Vietnamese words, with other words represented by new characters created using a variety of methods, including phono-semantic compounds. [6]

  5. List of XML and HTML character entity references - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_XML_and_HTML...

    In HTML and XML, a numeric character reference refers to a character by its Universal Coded Character Set/Unicode code point, and uses the format: &#xhhhh;. or &#nnnn; where the x must be lowercase in XML documents, hhhh is the code point in hexadecimal form, and nnnn is the code point in decimal form.

  6. Chữ Hán - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chữ_Hán

    Chữ chuyển chú (𡨸轉注) – Derivative cognates, characters that were derived from other characters with similar meaning, an example would that 老 (lão, "old") is a cognate of 考 (khảo, "elderly"). [48] Chữ giả tá (𡨸假借) – Phonetic loan, an example would be 法 (Pháp, "France

  7. Vietnamese language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_language

    The choice of symbols was based on the dental rather than alveolar nature of /d/ and its allophone [ð] in Spanish and other Romance languages. The inconsistency with the symbols assigned to /ɓ/ vs. /β/ was based on the lack of any such place distinction between the two, with the result that the stop consonant /ɓ/ appeared more "normal" than ...

  8. Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Vietnamese_vocabulary

    Another example is tiệt diện (截面; "cross-section") being replaced by tiết diện (節面). One interesting example is the current motto of Vietnam : "Cộng hòa Xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam / Độc lập – Tự do – Hạnh phúc", in which all the words are Sino-Vietnamese (獨立 – 自由 – 幸福).

  9. International Phonetic Alphabet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic...

    Phonemic notation commonly uses IPA symbols that are rather close to the default pronunciation of a phoneme, but for legibility often uses simple and 'familiar' letters rather than precise notation, for example /r/ and /o/ for the English [ɹʷ] and [əʊ̯] sounds, or /c, ɟ/ for [t͜ʃ, d͜ʒ] as mentioned above.