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Non-cellular life, also known as acellular life, is life that exists without a cellular structure for at least part of its life cycle. [1] Historically, most definitions of life postulated that an organism must be composed of one or more cells, [2] but, for some, this is no longer considered necessary, and modern criteria allow for forms of life based on other structural arrangements.
Microbiology (from Ancient Greek μῑκρος (mīkros) 'small' βίος (bíos) 'life' and -λογία () 'study of') is the scientific study of microorganisms, those being of unicellular (single-celled), multicellular (consisting of complex cells), or acellular (lacking cells).
Cellular microbiology is a discipline that bridges microbiology and cell biology. The term "cellular microbiology" was coined by the authors of the book of the same title published in 1996. [ 1 ] Cooperation and mutual dependency between microbiology and cell biology had been increasing in the years before that, and the emergence of a new ...
Some biologists use the term "acellular" to refer to multinucleate cell forms (syncitia and plasmodia), such as to differentiate "acellular" slime molds from the purely "cellular" ones (which do not form such structures). [6] [7] [8] This usage is incorrect and highly misleading to laymen, and as such it is discouraged.
Physarum polycephalum, an acellular [1] slime mold or myxomycete popularly known as "the blob", [2] is a protist with diverse cellular forms and broad geographic distribution. The “acellular” moniker derives from the plasmodial stage of the life cycle : the plasmodium is a bright yellow macroscopic multinucleate coenocyte shaped in a ...
Whole-cell pertussis vaccine stimulates natural infection better than the acellular pertussis vaccine. [4] [5]Even though cell-mediated immunity persists in patients received with the acellular pertussis vaccine, stronger lymphocytic proliferation, specifically memory T helper 1 cell and T helper 17 cells and cytokine responses are observed in patients received with the whole cell pertussis ...
A unicellular organism is a microorganism such as a protist, bacterium, or archaean, composed of a single cell, which may contain functional structures called organelles. [22] A multicellular organism such as an animal , plant , fungus , or alga is composed of many cells, often specialised. [ 22 ]
Microbial genetics: the study of how genes are organized and regulated in microbes in relation to their cellular functions Closely related to the field of molecular biology; Cellular microbiology: a discipline bridging microbiology and cell biology; Evolutionary microbiology: the study of the evolution of microbes. This field can be subdivided ...