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Management of tuberculosis refers to techniques and procedures utilized for treating tuberculosis (TB), or simply a treatment plan for TB. The medical standard for active TB is a short course treatment involving a combination of isoniazid , rifampicin (also known as Rifampin), pyrazinamide , and ethambutol for the first two months.
[2] [3] Cigarette smokers are 25% more likely to have lung damage, and more severe damage, after cure of a TB infection. [5] People who cook with 3-4 stoves instead of 1-2 stoves are more likely to have lung damage. A lack of heating also increased how often symptoms occurred. Alcoholism also increased the risk of PTLD. Ambient air pollution ...
Diagnosing active tuberculosis based only on signs and symptoms is difficult, [99] as is diagnosing the disease in those who have a weakened immune system. [100] A diagnosis of TB should, however, be considered in those with signs of lung disease or constitutional symptoms lasting longer than two weeks. [ 100 ]
In the developed world, the most common cause is liver cirrhosis. [4] Other causes include cancer, heart failure, tuberculosis, pancreatitis, and blockage of the hepatic vein. [4] In cirrhosis, the underlying mechanism involves high blood pressure in the portal system and dysfunction of blood vessels. [4]
Similarly, control of weight and diabetes prevents deterioration in cirrhosis due to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. [119] People with cirrhosis or liver damage are often advised to avoid drugs that could further harm the liver. [120] These include several drugs such as anti-depressants, certain antibiotics, and NSAIDs (like ibuprofen). [120]
Hepatic hydrothorax is a rare form of pleural effusion that occurs in people with liver cirrhosis. It is defined as an effusion of over 500 mL in people with liver cirrhosis that is not caused by heart, lung, or pleural disease. It is found in 5–10% of people with liver cirrhosis and 2–3% of people with pleural effusions.
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Liver cirrhosis can develop in about 7% to 40% of treated patients. People with the highest risk for progression to cirrhosis are those with incomplete response to treatment, treatment failure, and multiple relapses. Once cirrhosis develops, management of liver cirrhosis in autoimmune hepatitis is standard regardless of etiology.
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