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Contreras-Zarate MJ et al. developed and characterized novel heterogeneous and clinically relevant human brain metastasis breast cancer PDXs (BM-PDXs) to study mechanisms of brain metastatic colonization, with the added benefit of a slower progression rate that makes them suitable for preclinical testing of drugs in therapeutic settings. [20]
4T1 is a breast cancer cell line derived from the mammary gland tissue of a mouse BALB/c strain. [1] 4T1 cells are epithelial and are resistant to 6-thioguanine. [1] In preclinical research, 4T1 cells have been used to study breast cancer metastasis as they can metastasize to the lung, liver, lymph nodes, brain and bone.
MMTV-PyMT is the model of breast cancer metastasis, in which MMTV-LTR is used to drive the expression of mammary gland specific polyomavirus middle T-antigen, leading to a rapid development of highly metastatic tumors. [45] MMTV-PyMT is the most commonly used model for the study of mammary tumor progression and metastasis.
Metastatic breast cancer can be treated, sometimes for many years, but it cannot be cured. [2] Distant metastases are the cause of about 90% of deaths due to breast cancer. [3] Breast cancer can metastasize anywhere in body but primarily metastasizes to the bone, lungs, regional lymph nodes, liver and brain, with the most common site being the ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 21 December 2024. Cancer that originates in mammary glands Medical condition Breast cancer An illustration of breast cancer Specialty Oncology Symptoms A lump in a breast, a change in breast shape, dimpling of the skin, fluid from the nipple, a newly inverted nipple, a red scaly patch of skin on the ...
[1] [2] The metastasis typically shares a cancer cell type with the original site of the cancer. [3] Metastasis is the most common cause of brain cancer, as primary tumors that originate in the brain are less common. [4] The most common sites of primary cancer which metastasize to the brain are lung, breast, colon, kidney, and skin cancer.
CNS metastasis is the spread and proliferation of cancer cells from their original tumour to form secondary tumours in portions of the central nervous system. [ 1 ] The process of tumour cells invading distant tissue is complex and obscure, but modern technology has permitted an enhanced detection of metastasis .
Evidence of the cancer stem cell model has been demonstrated in multiple tumour types including leukemias, [21] [22] glioblastoma, [23] breast cancer, [24] and prostate cancer. [25] However, the existence of CSCs is still under debate. One reason for this is that markers for CSCs have been difficult to reproduce across multiple tumours.