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Lobar pneumonia is a form of pneumonia characterized by inflammatory exudate within the intra-alveolar space resulting in consolidation that affects a large and continuous area of the lobe of a lung. [1] [2] It is one of three anatomic classifications of pneumonia (the other being bronchopneumonia and atypical pneumonia).
A lobar pneumonia is an infection that only involves a single lobe, or section, of a lung. Lobar pneumonia is often due to Streptococcus pneumoniae (though Klebsiella pneumoniae is also possible.) [16] Multilobar pneumonia involves more than one lobe, and it often causes a more severe illness.
Pneumonia as seen on chest X-ray. A: Normal chest X-ray. B: Abnormal chest X-ray with consolidation from pneumonia in the right lung, middle or inferior lobe (white area, left side of image). Specialty: Pulmonology
X-ray presentations of pneumonia may be classified as lobar pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, lobular pneumonia, and interstitial pneumonia. [74] Bacterial, community-acquired pneumonia classically show lung consolidation of one lung segmental lobe, which is known as lobar pneumonia. [42]
Size: larger size confers a higher risk of cancer [8] Location: Upper lobe location is a risk factor for cancer, while a location close to a fissure or the pleura indicates a benign lymph node, [8] especially if having a triangular shape. [9] Margin morphology: a spiculated margin is a risk factor for cancer. [8]
In the setting of pneumonia, the presence of GGO (as opposed to consolidation) is a useful diagnostic clue. Most bacterial infections lead to lobar consolidation, while atypical pneumonias may cause GGOs. It is important to note that while many of the pulmonary infections listed below may lead to GGOs, this does not occur in every case.
Intralobar sequestration in which the lesion is located within a normal lobe and lacks its own visceral pleura. Extralobar sequestration in which the mass is located outside the normal lung and has its own visceral pleuraThe blood supply of 75% of pulmonary sequestrations is derived from the thoracic or abdominal aorta .
In adults, the right lower lobe of the lung is the most common site of recurrent pneumonia in foreign body aspiration. [2] This is due to the fact that the anatomy of the right main bronchus is wider and steeper than that of the left main bronchus, allowing objects to enter more easily than the left side. [ 2 ]