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Schizoaffective disorder is a mental disorder characterized by symptoms of both schizophrenia and a mood disorder - either bipolar disorder or depression. [4] [5] The main diagnostic criterion is the presence of psychotic symptoms for at least two weeks without prominent mood symptoms. [5]
Schizoaffective disorder includes schizophrenia symptoms, such as delusions or hallucinations, and mood disorder symptoms, such as depression or mania.
Hypersexuality may be a primary condition, or the symptom of other medical conditions or disorders such as Klüver–Bucy syndrome, bipolar disorder, brain injury and dementia. Hypersexuality may also present as a side effect of medication, such as dopaminergic drugs used to treat Parkinson's disease.
Psychosis is noted in Other specified schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders as a DSM-5 category. Schizoaffective disorder is diagnosed if symptoms of mood disorder are substantially present alongside psychotic symptoms. Psychosis that results from a general medical condition or substance is termed secondary psychosis.
For both men and women, incidence of schizophrenia onset peaks at multiple points across the lifespan. [3] For men, the highest frequency of incidence onset occurs in the early twenties and there is evidence of a second peak in the mid-thirties. For women, there is a similar pattern with peaks in the early twenties and middle age. [6]
Genetic contributions to schizoaffective disorder appear to be entirely shared with those contributing to schizophrenia and mania. [7] Bipolar I disorder and schizophrenia each occur in approximately 1% of the population; schizoaffective disorder is estimated to occur in less than 1% of the population. [7]
Women experiencing postpartum psychosis are at increased risk for suicide or infanticide. Many women who experience first-time psychosis from postpartum often have bipolar disorder, meaning they could experience an increase of psychotic episodes even after postpartum. [53]
Clozapine, sold under the brand name Clozaril among others, is a psychiatric medication and was the first atypical antipsychotic to be discovered. [6] It is primarily used to treat people with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder who have had an inadequate response to two other antipsychotics, or who have been unable to tolerate other drugs due to extrapyramidal side effects.
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