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A CRL is generated and published periodically, often at a defined interval. A CRL can also be published immediately after a certificate has been revoked. A CRL is issued by a CRL issuer, which is typically the CA which also issued the corresponding certificates, but could alternatively be some other trusted authority.
Since an OCSP response has less data to parse, the client-side libraries that handle it can be less complex than those that handle CRLs. [11] OCSP discloses to the responder that a particular network host used a particular certificate at a particular time. OCSP does not mandate encryption, so other parties may intercept this information. [2]
X.509 and RFC 5280 also include standards for certificate revocation list (CRL) implementations. Another IETF-approved way of checking a certificate's validity is the Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP). Firefox 3.0 enabled OCSP checking by default, as did versions of Windows from at least Vista and later. [9]
OCSP stapling can solve the operational challenges of OCSP, namely additional network requests causing latency and privacy degradation. [33] However, it can be susceptible to downgrade attacks by an on-path attacker. [9] RFC 7633 defines an extension that embeds a requirement into a certificate to be stapled to a valid OCSP response. [34]
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OCSP stapling is designed to reduce the cost of an OCSP validation, both for the client and the OCSP responder, especially for large sites serving many simultaneous users. However, OCSP stapling supports only one OCSP response at a time, which is insufficient for certificate chains with intermediate CA certs. [26] [27]
The revocation status is checked, whether by CRL, OCSP, or some other mechanism, to ensure the certificate is not revoked; The issuer name is checked to ensure that it equals the subject name of the previous certificate in the path;