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Skin cancer is the most commonly diagnosed form of cancer in humans. [11] [12] [13] There are three main types of skin cancers: basal-cell skin cancer (BCC), squamous-cell skin cancer (SCC) and melanoma. [1] The first two, along with a number of less common skin cancers, are known as nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC).
Cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma is the second-most common cancer of the skin (after basal-cell carcinoma, but more common than melanoma). It usually occurs in areas exposed to the sun. Sunlight exposure and immunosuppression are risk factors for SCC of the skin, with chronic sun exposure being the strongest environmental risk factor. [26]
Cancer staging can be divided into a clinical stage and a pathologic stage. In the TNM (Tumor, Node, Metastasis) system, clinical stage and pathologic stage are denoted by a small "c" or "p" before the stage (e.g., cT3N1M0 or pT2N0). This staging system is used for most forms of cancer, except brain tumors and hematological malignancies.
This skin cancer tends to grow slowly and isn’t life-threatening for most people, but it needs to be treated before it can grow deep and injure nerves and blood vessels, the AAD noted.
Melanoma, meanwhile, is a type of skin cancer that can spread to other areas of the body. ... “In 2020, NMSC accounted for 78 per cent of all skin cancer cases, resulting in over 63,700 deaths ...
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Basal-cell cancer grows slowly and can damage the tissue around it, but it is unlikely to spread to distant areas or result in death. [ 9 ] Risk factors include exposure to ultraviolet light , having lighter skin , radiation therapy , long-term exposure to arsenic and poor immune-system function . [ 2 ]
Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is a type of skin cancer. [6] It typically begins as a uniform brownish mark before becoming darker and wider with a blurred, irregular border. ALM is most frequently seen on the foot of a person with darker skin but can also be found in non-sun exposed areas such as the palms, soles, and under finger and ...