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convert is an external command first introduced with Windows 2000. [2] If the drive cannot be locked (for example, the drive is the system volume or the current drive) the command gives the option to convert the drive the next time the computer is restarted.
A basic data partition can be formatted with any file system, although most commonly BDPs are formatted with the NTFS, exFAT, or FAT32 file systems. To programmatically determine which file system a BDP contains, Microsoft specifies that one should inspect the BIOS Parameter Block that is contained in the BDP's Volume Boot Record .
NTFS 1.0 is incompatible with 1.1 and newer: volumes written by Windows NT 3.5x cannot be read by Windows NT 3.1 until an update (available on the NT 3.5x installation media) is installed. [19] 1.1 Windows NT 3.5: 1994 Named streams and access control lists [20] NTFS compression support was added in Windows NT 3.51: 1.2 Windows NT 4.0: 1996
The increase in disk drive capacity over time drove modifications to the design that resulted in versions: FAT12, FAT16, FAT32, and exFAT. FAT was replaced with NTFS as the default file system on Microsoft operating systems starting with Windows XP. [3]
Like NTFS, exFAT can pre-allocate disk space for a file by just marking arbitrary space on disk as "allocated". For each file, exFAT uses two separate 64-bit fields in the directory: the valid data length (VDL), which indicates the real size of the file, and the physical data length.
The mounted volume is not limited to the NTFS filesystem but can be formatted with any file system supported by Microsoft Windows. However, though these are similar to POSIX mount points found in Unix and Unix-like systems, they only support local filesystems; on Windows Vista and later versions of Windows, NTFS symbolic links can be used to ...
Memory card readers, unlike smartphones, telephones and other devices, such as cameras and digital cameras, allow formatting in a file system other than FAT (FAT16, FAT32, exFAT) to NTFS in Windows, ext, ext2, ext3 in Linux or HFS, HFS + for Mac OS. Smartphones or other devices like cameras format them only in FAT.
It has a mode designed for NTFS file systems, that will attempt recovery of files from a disk that is corrupted or has been formatted. [5] Another mode will attempt recovery of specific file types from FAT and exFAT (predominantly found on external devices) and ReFS file systems. [5] [6]