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  2. Spinal fusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_fusion

    Spinal fusion, also called spondylodesis or spondylosyndesis, is a surgery performed by orthopaedic surgeons or neurosurgeons that joins two or more vertebrae. [1] This procedure can be performed at any level in the spine (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, or sacral) and prevents any movement between the fused vertebrae.

  3. Minimally invasive spine surgery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimally_invasive_spine...

    The first operative spine surgery is credited to Paul of Aegina who lived during the 7th century. [17] However, only within the last 50 years have advances in digital fluoroscopy, image guidance, endoscopy and minimally invasive surgical tools allowed minimally invasive spine surgery to rise to the forefront of spinal procedures. [18] [19]

  4. Laminectomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminectomy

    A laminectomy performed as a minimal spinal surgery procedure is a tissue-preserving surgery that leaves more of the muscle intact and spares the spinal process. Another procedure, called the laminotomy, is the removal of a mid-portion of one lamina and may be done either with a conventional open technique or in a minimalistic fashion with the ...

  5. Neurosurgery - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurosurgery

    Neurosurgery or neurological surgery, known in common parlance as brain surgery, is the medical specialty that focuses on the surgical treatment or rehabilitation of disorders which affect any portion of the nervous system including the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nervous system, and cerebrovascular system. [1]

  6. Total disc replacement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_Disc_Replacement

    The Charité, a mobile core device for use in the lumbar spine, was approved first, in 2004, but is no longer in use. prodisc, the longest continually used disc replacement device in the US, is a fixed core device manufactured by Centinel Spine and was approved in 2006 for the lumbar spine with a cervical device approved in 2007.

  7. Minimally invasive thoracic spinal fusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimally_invasive...

    Spinal fusion is usually needed when a curvature reaches 40 degrees. However, there is a window of opportunity for a minimally invasive surgery. The curvature needs to be between 0 and 70 degrees. Minimal rib rotation and only one curve is preferred. Also, minimally invasive spinal fusions are almost always only done in the thoracic region.

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