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Chak Bandi in Urdu (چک بندی), in Hindi (चकबंदी) or Killa Bandi in Urdu (قلعہ بندی), in Hindi (किल्लाबंदी), in terms of land and revenue, is the process of land consolidation, [4] and Revenue Settlement. [3]
A Maratha Durbar showing the Chief and the nobles (Sardars, Jagirdars, Istamuradars and Mankaris) of the state.. A jagir (Persian: جاگیر, romanized: Jāgir), (Urdu: جاگیردار) also spelled as jageer, [1] was a type of feudal land grant in the Indian subcontinent at the foundation of its Jagirdar system.
If a non-owner cultivates the land for an extended period, they may claim possession of the land. [10] In India and Pakistan, jamabandi are land records maintained for each village in a tehsil (township). [22] [23] A jamabandi includes the name of the owners, the area of cultivation (or land), owner shares, and other rights. It is revised ...
In 1773, the Swiss French soldier Antoine Polier notes that the English liked to use the name "Moors" for Urdu: [84] I have a deep knowledge [je possède à fond] of the common tongue of India, called Moors by the English, and Ourdouzebain by the natives of the land.
These Persian and Arabic loanwords form 25% of Urdu's vocabulary. [10] [23] As a form of Hindustani and a member of the Western Hindi category of Indo-Aryan languages, [22] 75% of Urdu words have their etymological roots in Sanskrit and Prakrit, [10] [24] [25] and approximately 99% of Urdu verbs have their roots in Sanskrit and Prakrit. [23] [26]
The first ever recorded incursion by Arabs in India occurred around 636/7 AD, during the Rashidun Caliphate, long before any Arab army reached the frontier of India by land. [14] Uthman ibn Abi al-As al-Thaqafi , the governor of Bahrain and Oman, had dispatched naval expeditions against the Sasanian coast, and further east to the borders of ...
Independent India's most revolutionary land policy was perhaps the abolition of the Zamindari system (feudal landholding practices). Land-reform policy in India had two specific objectives: "The first is to remove such impediments to increase in agricultural production as arise from the agrarian structure inherited from the past.
[2] 2011 is the year when land rehabilitation bills combating land acquisition were starting to be proposed, but it is evident that the government has been progressively reducing the resources allocated to agriculture in India. Additionally, there was an almost 2 percent increase in the use of non agricultural land in the decade following 2001.