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2. Object–verb–subject word order - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object–verb–subject...

   In linguistic typology, object–verb–subject (OVS) or object–verb–agent (OVA) is a rare permutation of word order. OVS denotes the sequence object–verb–subject in unmarked expressions: Oranges ate Sam, Thorns have roses. The passive voice in English may appear to be in the OVS order, but that is not an accurate description.

3. Voice (grammar) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_(grammar)

   The active voice is the most commonly used in many languages and represents the "normal" case, in which the subject of the verb is the agent. In the active voice, the subject of the sentence performs the action or causes the happening denoted by the verb. Sentence (1) is in active voice, as indicated by the verb form saw.

4. Active voice - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_voice

   Active voice is a grammatical voice prevalent in many of the world's languages. It is the default voice for clauses that feature a transitive verb in nominative–accusative languages, including English and most Indo-European languages. In these languages, a verb is typically in the active voice when the subject of the verb is the doer of the ...

5. List of glossing abbreviations - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_glossing_abbreviations

   Grammatical abbreviations are generally written in full or small caps to visually distinguish them from the translations of lexical words. For instance, capital or small-cap PAST (frequently abbreviated to PST) glosses a grammatical past-tense morpheme, while lower-case 'past' would be a literal translation of a word with that meaning.

6. Object–subject word order - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object–subject_word_order

   This includes OVS and OSV, but not VOS (which is verb-initial, i.e. the verb appears first in the clause). In a 1979 study, Desmond C. Derbyshire and Geoffrey K. Pullum reported that predominant object-initial word order only occurs in the Amazonian language area.

7. Generative semantics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generative_semantics

   ^There is little agreement concerning the question of whose idea generative semantics was. All of the people mentioned here have been credited with its invention (often by each other). . ^ Strictly speaking, it was not the fact that active/passive pairs are synonymous that motivated the passive transformation, but the fact that active and passive verb forms have the same selectional ...

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9. Active–stative alignment - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active–stative_alignment

   In linguistic typology, active–stative alignment (also split intransitive alignment or semantic alignment) is a type of morphosyntactic alignment in which the sole argument ("subject") of an intransitive clause (often symbolized as S) is sometimes marked in the same way as an agent of a transitive verb (that is, like a subject such as "I" or "she" in English) but other times in the same way ...