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Basement walls may need to have the surrounding earth backfilled around them to return the soil to grade. A water stop, some gravel and a french drain may need to be used to prevent water from entering the basement at the bottom of the wall. Walls below grade may need to be sealed with an impervious coating (such as tar) to
Cracked walls: Cracks may be horizontal, vertical, diagonal or stair-stepped. Severe pressure or structural damage is evident by widening cracks. Buckling walls: Usually caused by hydrostatic pressure. Walls appear to be bowed inward. Peeling paint: Water seeping through walls may lead to bubbling or peeling paint along basement walls. [4]
In architecture, an area (areaway in North America) is an excavated, subterranean space around the walls of a building, designed to admit light into a basement. Also called a lightwell, it often provides access to the house and a store-room/service cupboard for tradesmen, such as a coal store vault under the pavement.
A wall sloping in the opposite direction is said to overhang. [3] When used in fortifications it may be called a talus. A batter frame is used to guide the construction of a battered dry stone wall. The term is used with buildings and non-building structures to identify when a wall or element is intentionally built with an inward slope.
Types of wall systems with regard to water penetration are barrier, drainage and surface-sealed walls. [5] Barrier walls are designed to allow water to be absorbed but not penetrate the wall, and include concrete and some masonry walls. Drainage walls allow water that leaks into the wall to drain out such as cavity walls.
A basement wall is thus one kind of retaining wall; however, the term usually refers to a cantilever retaining wall, which is a freestanding structure without lateral support at its top. [2] These are cantilevered from a footing and rise above the grade on one side to retain a higher level grade on the opposite side.
Mass concrete underpinning is commonly used when permanent support is needed to comply with the Party Wall Act of 1996 in the construction of a new basement during a restoration, rehabilitation or redevelopment. [5] In the United Kingdom most subsidence claims are for buildings at least 40 years old with shallow strip foundations.
Wall construction falls into two basic categories: framed walls or mass-walls. In framed walls the load is transferred to the foundation through posts, columns or studs. Framed walls most often have three or more separate components: the structural elements (such as 2×4 studs in a house wall), insulation , and finish elements or surfaces (such ...
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