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Picrotoxin is an equimolar mixture of two compounds, picrotoxinin (C 15 H 16 O 6; CAS# 17617-45-7) and picrotin (C 15 H 18 O 7; CAS# 21416-53-5). [3] Of the two compounds, picrotin is less active. [4] Picrotoxin occurs naturally in the fruit of the Anamirta cocculus, a climbing plant from India and other parts of Southeast Asia. The plant is ...
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The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) derived in 2001 a provisional tolerable monthly intake (PTMI) of 70 pg TEQ/kg body weight. [31] The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established an oral reference dose (RfD) of 0.7 pg/kg b.w. per day for TCDD [ 32 ] (see discussion on the differences in [ 3 ] ).
They found that in vivo convulsant potency was strongly correlated to in vitro affinity to the picrotoxin binding site on the GABA-A receptor complex. Many GABA-A ligands, such as the sedatives diazepam and phenobarbital , are effective anticonvulsants , but presumably pentylenetetrazol has the opposite effect when it binds to the GABA-A receptor.
4-686-293-01, also known as Agent 1-10, is a highly potent experimental carbamate nerve agent, patented in May 1967 by the US army. [1] Due to its high molecular weight and thermal stability, it can remain embedded within various surfaces and clothes for prolonged periods of time.
Dendrobine is an alkaloid found in Dendrobium nobile at an average of 0.5% by weight. [1] It is a colorless solid at room temperature. It is related to the picrotoxin family of natural products. When given a fatal dose, death is usually caused by convulsions. [1]
Chloropicrin's chemical formula is CCl 3 NO 2 and its molecular weight is 164.38 grams/mole. [9] Pure chloropicrin is a colorless liquid, with a boiling point of 112 °C. [ 9 ] Chloropicrin is sparingly soluble in water with solubility of 2 g/L at 25 °C. [ 9 ]
Lindane is a neurotoxin that interferes with GABA neurotransmitter function by interacting with the GABA A receptor-chloride channel complex at the picrotoxin binding site. In humans, lindane affects the nervous system, liver, and kidneys, and may well be a carcinogen. [6] [7] Whether lindane is an endocrine disruptor is unclear. [8] [9] [10]