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The Dow process is a method of phenol production through the hydrolysis of chlorobenzene. ... -phenol was formed in 54% yield, while cine substitution product 2- ...
Dow process (phenol), a method of phenol production through the hydrolysis of chlorobenzene This page was last edited on 10 April 2024, at 10:03 (UTC). Text is ...
At one time, chlorobenzene was the main precursor for the manufacture of phenol: [10] C 6 H 5 Cl + NaOH → C 6 H 5 OH + NaCl. The reaction is known as the Dow process, with the reaction carried out at 350 °C using fused sodium hydroxide without solvent.
The Raschig–Hooker process's ability to make phenol makes it comparable to other methods, such as the Dow and Bayer process, which also converts benzene into phenol. In fact, the ability to recycle the hydrogen chloride made the Raschig–Hooker process preferable to the Dow and Bayer process, which requires its sodium chloride product to be ...
A History of the Dow Chemical Physics Lab: The Freedom to be Creative. M. Dekker. ISBN 0-8247-8097-3. E. Ned Brandt. (2003). Growth Company: Dow Chemical's First Century. Michigan State University Press. ISBN 0-87013-426-4 online book review; Don Whitehead and Max Dendermonde. (1968). The Dow Story: The History of the Dow Chemical Co. McGraw-Hill.
At the time, phenol was obtained from coal as a co-product of coke ovens and the manufacture of gas for gas lighting. Laclede Gas reports being asked to expand production of phenol (and toluene) to assist the war effort. [16] Both Monsanto [17] and Dow Chemical [18] began manufacturing synthetic phenol in 1915, with Dow being the main producer ...
Most of the worldwide production of phenol and acetone is now based on this method. In 2022, nearly 10.8 million tonnes of phenol was produced by the cumene process. [4] In order for this process to be economical, there must also be demand for the acetone by-product as well as the phenol. [5]
Phenol is a polar substance with a higher density than water (1.07 g/cm 3 [2] compared to water's 1.00 g/cm 3). When suspended in a water-phenol solution, denatured proteins and unwanted cell components dissolve in the phenol, while polar nucleic acids dissolve in the water phase. [3]