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The encomienda system was generally replaced by the crown-managed repartimiento system throughout Spanish America after mid-sixteenth century. [8] Like the encomienda, the new repartimiento did not include the attribution of land to anyone, rather only the allotment of native workers. But they were directly allotted to the Crown, who, through a ...
With the New Laws of 1542, the repartimiento was instated to substitute the encomienda system that had come to be seen as abusive and promoting of unethical behavior. The Spanish Crown aimed to remove control of the indigenous population, now considered subjects of the Crown, from the hands of the encomenderos, who had become a politically influential and wealthy class, with the shift away ...
Las castas.Casta painting showing 16 racial groupings. Anonymous, 18th century, oil on canvas, 148×104 cm, Museo Nacional del Virreinato, Tepotzotlán, Mexico Casta (Spanish:) is a term which means "lineage" in Spanish and Portuguese and has historically been used as a racial and social identifier.
The encomienda system brought many indigenous Taíno to work in the fields and mines in exchange for Spanish protection, [14] education, and a seasonal salary [15] under the pretense of searching for gold and other materials. [16]
A caste system, influenced by the scientific racism of the European Enlightenment, was maintained until the 20th century. [30] The Criollos of European descent born in the New World, and mestizos , of mixed Indigenous and European heritage, replaced Spanish-born appointees in most political offices.
The Spanish brought Catholicism, the feudal encomienda system, and a caste system that favored European descendants. Capitolio Nacional on Bolivar Square , Bogotá After independence from Spain, the criollos struggled to establish a pluralistic political system, between conservative and liberal ideals.
Once New Spain achieved independence, the legal basis of the colonial caste system was abolished and mentions of a person's caste in official documents was also abandoned, which led to the exclusion of racial classification from future censuses, and made it difficult to track demographic development of each ethnicity in the country.
In 1568, the Spanish Crown permitted the establishment of the encomienda system that it was abolishing in the New World, effectively legalizing a more oppressive conquest. Although slavery had been abolished in the Spanish Empire , it took around a century for it to be fully abolished in the Philippines due to the pre-colonial alipin system of ...