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  2. Encomienda - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encomienda

    The encomienda system was generally replaced by the crown-managed repartimiento system throughout Spanish America after mid-sixteenth century. [8] Like the encomienda, the new repartimiento did not include the attribution of land to anyone, rather only the allotment of native workers. But they were directly allotted to the Crown, who, through a ...

  3. Hacienda - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacienda

    Hacienda Lealtad is a working coffee hacienda which used slave labor in the 19th century, located in Lares, Puerto Rico. [1]A hacienda (UK: / ˌ h æ s i ˈ ɛ n d ə / HASS-ee-EN-də or US: / ˌ h ɑː s i ˈ ɛ n d ə / HAH-see-EN-də; Spanish: or ) is an estate (or finca), similar to a Roman latifundium, in Spain and the former Spanish Empire.

  4. Encomiendas in Peru - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encomiendas_in_Peru

    In 1570, the number of encomiendas in Peru (which included Ecuador, Bolivia, and northern Chile at that time) peaked at about 470 and the encomenderos reached the apogee of their economic and political importance. In 1550 the average number of "tributaries" (native males between 15 and 50 years of age) assigned to each encomienda was 673.

  5. Repartimiento - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repartimiento

    With the New Laws of 1542, the repartimiento was instated to substitute the encomienda system that had come to be seen as abusive and promoting of unethical behavior. The Spanish Crown aimed to remove control of the indigenous population, now considered subjects of the Crown, from the hands of the encomenderos, who had become a politically influential and wealthy class, with the shift away ...

  6. Slavery in Latin America - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_Latin_America

    Among thirty cases of freedom claims made in Rio between 1871 and 1888, 27 were done by women (90%). This was an improvement from data collected from 1850-1870 where sixteen out of 34 (47%) claims were done by women. Grinburg had a wider selection of Cuban data, that shows that of the 710 claims made between 1870-1886 in Havana, 452 were women ...

  7. Economic history of Latin America - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_history_of_Latin...

    In central areas, the encomienda was phased out largely by the end of the sixteenth century, with other forms of labor mobilization coming into play. Although the encomienda did not directly lead to the development of landed estates in Spanish America, encomenderos were in a position to create enterprises near where they had access to forced labor.

  8. Land reform in Mexico - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_reform_in_Mexico

    Hacienda owners were reluctant to lease lands to Indians for fear that they would then claim land as part of the fundo legal for a newly established community. [46] Abad y Queipo concluded "The indivisibility of haciendas, the difficulty in managing them, the lack of property among the people, has produced and continues to produce deplorable ...

  9. Land reform in the Philippines - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_reform_in_the_Philippines

    Under the law, a landowner can only retain 5 hectares, regardless of the size of the hacienda. [15] Conflict can arise between previous landowners and "beneficiaries" and between competing farmers' groups that have conflicting claims. [15] In December 2008, CARP expired and the following year CARPer was passed.