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Introduction to Smooth Manifolds. Graduate Texts in Mathematics. Vol. 218 (Second ed.). New York London: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-1-4419-9981-8. OCLC 808682771. Introduction to Smooth Manifolds, Springer-Verlag, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, 2002, 2nd edition 2012 [6] Fredholm Operators and Einstein Metrics on Conformally Compact Manifolds.
In mathematics, Hodge theory, named after W. V. D. Hodge, is a method for studying the cohomology groups of a smooth manifold M using partial differential equations.The key observation is that, given a Riemannian metric on M, every cohomology class has a canonical representative, a differential form that vanishes under the Laplacian operator of the metric.
Symplectic manifolds arise from classical mechanics; in particular, they are a generalization of the phase space of a closed system. [1] In the same way the Hamilton equations allow one to derive the time evolution of a system from a set of differential equations, the symplectic form should allow one to obtain a vector field describing the flow of the system from the differential of a ...
Conversely, given any contact manifold M, the product M×R has a natural structure of a symplectic manifold. If α is a contact form on M, then ω = d(e t α) is a symplectic form on M×R, where t denotes the variable in the R-direction. This new manifold is called the symplectization (sometimes symplectification in the literature) of the ...
Distributions satisfying a further integrability condition give rise to foliations, i.e. partitions of the manifold into smaller submanifolds. These notions have several applications in many fields of mathematics, including integrable systems, Poisson geometry, non-commutative geometry, sub-Riemannian geometry, differential topology.
In mathematics, particularly topology, an atlas is a concept used to describe a manifold. An atlas consists of individual charts that, roughly speaking, describe individual regions of the manifold. In general, the notion of atlas underlies the formal definition of a manifold and related structures such as vector bundles and other fiber bundles.
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Let :, (,) be a (left) group action of a Lie group on a smooth manifold ; it is called a Lie group action (or smooth action) if the map is differentiable. Equivalently, a Lie group action of G {\displaystyle G} on M {\displaystyle M} consists of a Lie group homomorphism G → D i f f ( M ) {\displaystyle G\to \mathrm {Diff} (M)} .