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This is a timeline of space exploration which includes notable achievements, first accomplishments and milestones in humanity's exploration of outer space.. This timeline generally does not distinguish achievements by a specific country or private company, as it considers humanity as a whole.
Due to its large size, the timeline has been split into smaller articles, one for each year since 1951. There is a separate list for all flights that occurred before 1951. The list for the year 2024 and for its subsequent years may contain planned launches, but the statistics will only include past launches.
HER2 is found in a variety of tumours and some of these tumours carry point mutations in the sequence specifying the transmembrane domain of HER2. Substitution of a valine for a glutamic acid or a glutamine in the transmembrane domain can result in the constitutive dimerisation of this protein in the absence of a ligand.
Albert II, a rhesus monkey, became the first mammal in space aboard a U.S. V-2 rocket on June 14, 1949, and died on reentry due to a parachute failure. The first dogs in space were launched 22 July 1951 aboard a Soviet R-1V. "Tsygin" and "Dezik" reached a height of 100 km (62 mi) and safely parachuted back to Earth.
[5] Description of a space station in Hermann Noordung's The Problem of Space Travel (1929). At the beginning of the 20th century, there was a burst of scientific investigation into interplanetary travel, inspired by fiction by writers such as Jules Verne ( From the Earth to the Moon , Around the Moon ) and H.G. Wells ( The First Men in the ...
Aldrin held that reusable spacecraft were the key in making space travel affordable, stating that the use of "passenger space travel is a huge potential market big enough to justify the creation of reusable launch vehicles". [76] Space tourism is a next step in the use of reusable vehicles in the commercialization of space.
Its discovery is generally believed to have originated in India around the 4th century AD, [65] although Singaporean mathematician Lam Lay Yong claims that the method is found in the Chinese text The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art, from the 1st century AD. [66] 60 AD: Heron's formula is discovered by Hero of Alexandria. [67]
This was followed in the summer by six R-1s specifically designed and equipped for biomedical flights to determine if their payload dogs could survive the rigors of space travel and be recovered. Three of the missions were successful. [7] On July 22, 1951, Dezik and Tsygan became the first Soviet space dogs to be launched into sub-orbital ...