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Gram stain (Gram staining or Gram's method), is a method of staining used to classify bacterial species into two large groups: gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria. It may also be used to diagnose a fungal infection. [1] The name comes from the Danish bacteriologist Hans Christian Gram, who developed the technique in 1884. [2]
In Berlin, in 1884, Gram developed a method for distinguishing between two major classes of bacteria. [1] This technique, known as Gram staining, continues to be a standard procedure of medical microbiology. This work gained Gram an international reputation. The staining method later played a major role in classifying bacteria. Gram was a ...
Developed vaccination techniques against smallpox. [2] 1818–1865 Ignaz Semmelweis: Hungarian Demonstrated that doctors washing their hands with chlorine solution significantly reduced mortality of women giving birth in hospital setting. [4] 1853–1938 Hans Christian Gram: Danish Developed the Gram stain used to identify and classify bacteria ...
Among his foremost achievements were finding a cure for syphilis in 1909 and inventing the precursor technique to Gram staining bacteria. The methods he developed for staining tissue made it possible to distinguish between different types of blood cells, which led to the ability to diagnose numerous blood diseases.
He developed a series of criteria around this that have become known as the Koch's postulates. [7] A major milestone in medical microbiology is the Gram stain. In 1884 Hans Christian Gram developed the method of staining bacteria to make them more visible and differentiated under a microscope. This technique is widely used today. [8]
Gram's great-grandfather [21] was Hans Christian Gram who developed the Gram stain, a commonly used technique in microbial ecology. [22] Gram is also distantly related to the Danish historian Hans Gram. [2]
The Gram stain, developed in 1884 by Hans Christian Gram, characterises bacteria based on the structural characteristics of their cell walls. [175] [75] The thick layers of peptidoglycan in the "Gram-positive" cell wall stain purple, while the thin "Gram-negative" cell wall appears pink. [175]
Starch is a substance common to most plant cells and so a weak iodine solution will stain starch present in the cells. Iodine is one component in the staining technique known as Gram staining, used in microbiology. Used as a mordant in Gram's staining, iodine enhances the entrance of the dye through the pores present in the cell wall/membrane.