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Sambucus nigra is a species complex of flowering plants in the family Viburnaceae native to most of Europe. [1] Common names include elder , elderberry , black elder , European elder , European elderberry , and European black elderberry .
Sambucus cerulea is a large, deciduous shrub, which can grow to be 9 metres (30 feet) in height and 6 m (20 ft) in width. It normally grows rather wildly from several stems, which can be heavily pruned (or even cut to the ground) during winter dormancy.
Each leaf is 5–30 centimetres (2–12 in) long, and the leaflets have serrated margins. They bear large clusters of small white or cream-colored flowers in late spring; these are followed by clusters of small black, blue-black, or red berries (rarely yellow or white).
English: Natural distribution map for the North American Sambucus nigra (black & blue elderberry) subspecies: Sambucus nigra subsp. canadensis (green, from Little's S. canadensis map and red from Little's S. mexicana Presl map) Sambucus nigra subsp. cerulea (dark blue, from Little's S. glauca map and light blue from Little's S. velutina map)
Sambucus callicarpa: Pacific red-berried elder Caprifoliaceae (honeysuckle family) Sambucus canadensis: American elder; common elderberry Caprifoliaceae (honeysuckle family) Sambucus ebulus: European dwarf elder Caprifoliaceae (honeysuckle family) Sambucus melanocarpa: black-berried elder Caprifoliaceae (honeysuckle family) Sambucus nigra
Sambucus mexicana has been utilized by a variety of Indigenous tribes in California, like Acjachemen Indians of San Juan Capistrano, California, and is an important plant for them. [8] For the Acjachemen people, it is known as the “tree of music,” for the construction of wood to develop into clapper sticks , a wind instrument.
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For comparison, assuming S. nigra has levels of no more than 25 micrograms of cyanogenic glycosides/milligram of berry weight, [11] assuming all of the glycosides were converted to cyanide, and assuming a toxicity of 50 mg for a 50 kg vertebrate, [12] one would need to eat 2 kilograms (~4.4 pounds) of berries in one sitting to reach the lower ...
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