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  2. Thermodynamic system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_system

    The presence of reactants in an open beaker is an example of an open system. Here the boundary is an imaginary surface enclosing the beaker and reactants. It is named closed , if borders are impenetrable for substance, but allow transit of energy in the form of heat, and isolated , if there is no exchange of heat and substances.

  3. Closed system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed_system

    Properties of isolated, closed, and open systems in exchanging energy and matter. In thermodynamics, a closed system can exchange energy (as heat or work) but not matter, with its surroundings. An isolated system cannot exchange any heat, work, or matter with the surroundings, while an open system can exchange energy and matter.

  4. Open system (systems theory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_system_(systems_theory)

    In the social sciences an open system is a process that exchanges material, energy, people, capital and information with its environment. French/Greek philosopher Kostas Axelos argued that seeing the "world system" as inherently open (though unified) would solve many of the problems in the social sciences, including that of praxis (the relation of knowledge to practice), so that various social ...

  5. Isolated system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolated_system

    Properties of Isolated, closed, and open systems in exchanging energy and matter. In physical science, an isolated system is either of the following: a physical system so far removed from other systems that it does not interact with them. a thermodynamic system enclosed by rigid immovable walls through which neither mass nor energy can pass.

  6. Open system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_system

    Open system (control theory), a feedforward system that does not have any feedback loop to control its output in a control system; Open system, in management science a system that is capable of self-maintenance on the basis of throughput of resources from the environment; Open system of learning, where information is sourced from multiple sources

  7. Closed system (control theory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed_system_(control_theory)

    The terms closed system and open system have long been defined in the widely (and long before any sort of amplifier was invented) established subject of thermodynamics, in terms that have nothing to do with the concepts of feedback and feedforward. The terms 'feedforward' and 'feedback' arose first in the 1920s in the theory of amplifier design ...

  8. ETFs Vs. Closed-End Funds: How to Choose - AOL

    www.aol.com/news/2010-05-25-etfs-vs-closed-end...

    In this respect, ETFs are similar to traditional index mutual funds, while CEFs more closely resemble actively-managed open-end funds, explains David Twibell, president of wealth management for ...

  9. Feed forward (control) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feed_forward_(control)

    In systems theory, an open system is a feed forward system that does not have any feedback loop to control its output. In contrast, a closed system uses on a feedback loop to control the operation of the system. In an open system, the output of the system is not fed back into the input to the system for control or operation. [citation needed]