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Desmopressin (1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin) is a synthetic form of the normal human hormone arginine vasopressin (the antidiuretic hormone, or ADH), a peptide containing nine amino acids. Compared to vasopressin, desmopressin's first amino acid has been deaminated , and the arginine at the eighth position is in the dextro rather than the ...
If there is no change in the water loss despite fluid deprivation, desmopressin may be administered to distinguish between the two types of diabetes insipidus which are central & nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. The time of deprivation may vary from 4 to 18 hours. [2] The serum osmolality and urine osmolality are both measured in the test.
An antidiuretic is a substance that helps to control fluid balance in an animal's body by reducing urination, [1] opposing diuresis. [2] Its effects are opposite that of a diuretic.
This is a two-step test where parenteral desmopressin is administered after an initial 8-hour water fast. [10] The first step is designed to differentiate primary polydipsia from diabetes insipidus. The second part of the test helps differentiate central diabetes insipidus from nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. [8]
Vasopressin is administered through an intravenous device, intramuscular injection or a subcutaneous injection. The duration of action depends on the mode of administration and ranges from thirty minutes to two hours. It has a half life of ten to twenty minutes. It is widely distributed throughout the body and remains in the extracellular fluid.
Vasopressin agonists are used therapeutically in various conditions, and its long-acting synthetic analogue desmopressin is used in conditions featuring low vasopressin secretion, as well as for control of bleeding (in some forms of von Willebrand disease and in mild haemophilia A) and in extreme cases of bedwetting by children.
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The most prominent vasopressin analogues include desmopressin (dDAVP), terlipressin, and selepressin, each with distinct pharmacological profiles and clinical uses. Desmopressin, a V2 receptor agonist, is primarily used for treating diabetes insipidus and certain bleeding disorders. [ 3 ]
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