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[1] [2] [3] Introduced by Gilbert N. Lewis in his 1916 article The Atom and the Molecule, a Lewis structure can be drawn for any covalently bonded molecule, as well as coordination compounds. [4] Lewis structures extend the concept of the electron dot diagram by adding lines between atoms to represent shared pairs in a chemical bond.
A Lewis base is also a Brønsted–Lowry base, but a Lewis acid does not need to be a Brønsted–Lowry acid. The classification into hard and soft acids and bases ( HSAB theory ) followed in 1963. The strength of Lewis acid-base interactions, as measured by the standard enthalpy of formation of an adduct can be predicted by the Drago–Wayland ...
Ethanol (also called ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, drinking alcohol, or simply alcohol) is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH 3 CH 2 OH. It is an alcohol, with its formula also written as C 2 H 5 OH, C 2 H 6 O or EtOH, where Et stands for ethyl. Ethanol is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid with a characteristic wine-like ...
This BAC roughly corresponds to drinking one gram of pure ethanol. [86] Ethanol is rapidly absorbed through cut or damaged skin, with reports of ethanol intoxication and fatal poisoning. [87] The timing of peak blood concentration varies depends on the type of alcoholic drink: [88] Vodka tonic: 36 ± 10 minutes after consumption; Wine: 54 ± 14 ...
Phase behavior Triple point: 150 K (−123 °C), 0.00043 Pa Critical point: 514 K (241 °C), 63 bar Std enthalpy change of fusion, Δ fus H o +4.9 kJ/mol
In chemistry a donor number (DN) is a quantitative measure of Lewis basicity.A donor number is defined as the negative enthalpy value for the 1:1 adduct formation between a Lewis base and the standard Lewis acid SbCl 5 (antimony pentachloride), in dilute solution in the noncoordinating solvent 1,2-dichloroethane with a zero DN.
It is also miscible in common organic solvents, such as acetone, ethanol, and diethyl ether. Laboratory samples of triethylamine can be purified by distilling from calcium hydride. [11] In alkane solvents triethylamine is a Lewis base that forms adducts with a variety of Lewis acids, such as I 2 and phenols. Owing to its steric bulk, it forms ...
Conversion of acetaldehyde to 1,1-diethoxyethane, R 1 = CH 3 R 2 = CH 3 CH 2 Acetaldehyde forms a stable acetal upon reaction with ethanol under conditions that favor dehydration. The product, CH 3 CH(OCH 2 CH 3 ) 2 , is formally named 1,1-diethoxyethane but is commonly referred to as "acetal". [ 39 ]