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The Shepherd of Hermas (Greek: Ποιμὴν τοῦ Ἑρμᾶ, romanized: Poimēn tou Herma; Latin: Pastor Hermae), sometimes just called The Shepherd, is a Christian literary work of the late first half of the second century, considered a valuable book by many Christians, and considered canonical scripture by some of the early Church fathers such as Irenaeus. [1]
Last page of the Muratorian fragment; Hermas is mentioned near the middle, Pastorem vero nuperrim ettemporibus nostris in urbe Roma Herma conscripsit sedente cathetra urbis Romae aeclesiae Pio Eps fratrer eius ("'The Shepherd', moreover, did Hermas write very recently in our times in the city of Rome, while his brother bishop Pius sat in the chair of the Church of Rome.")
In any case, in The Shepherd, as in other Ancient Greek novels, [1] this female character is central. [4] In the story, the wandering Hermas encounters her, naked, bathing, and desires her. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] This initial sin is the catalyst for the novel, with Hermas subsequently receiving visions, including from Rhode, never named as such, [ 1 ...
The Epistle of Barnabas (Greek: Βαρνάβα Ἐπιστολή) is an early Christian Greek epistle written between AD 70 and AD 135. The complete text is preserved in the 4th-century Codex Sinaiticus, where it appears at the end of the New Testament, following the Book of Revelation and before the Shepherd of Hermas.
The 2nd-century The Shepherd of Hermas was popular in the early church and was even considered scriptural by some of the Church Fathers such as Irenaeus [37] and Tertullian. It was written in Rome in Koine Greek. The Shepherd had great authority in the 2nd and 3rd centuries. The work comprises five visions, 12 mandates, and 10 parables.
The list omits Philippians, 1 and 2 Thessalonians, and Hebrews, but includes several works no longer considered canonical: Epistle of Barnabas, The Shepherd of Hermas, Acts of Paul, and Revelation of Peter. The two epistles of Peter are listed as if they were epistles of Paul to Peter ("ad Petrum"). The Epistle to the Hebrews follows after this ...
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The 2nd-century work Shepherd of Hermas may also have taught that Jesus was a virtuous man filled with the Holy Spirit and adopted as the Son. [note 4] [38] [39] While the Shepherd of Hermas was popular and sometimes bound with the canonical scriptures, it did not retain canonical status, if it ever had it.